Significance of Sustainable Agriculture

importee of sustainable cultivationAhmad Fitri Bin JamaludinTable of Contents (Jump to)CHAPTER 1 inletCHAPTER 2 Roles of sustainable factory put forwardEconomy RolesSocial Responsibility question for sustainable husbandry FutureCHAPTER 3 Importance of Sustainable AgricultureFuture Predictionsenvironmental FactorsScarcity of shoot downProfit FactorsRural EconomiesCHAPTER 4 CONCLUSIONCHAPTER 5 REFERENCESCHAPTER 1IntroductionSustainable gardening is the occupation of inelegant corkings, necessary to satisfy the captures of present and future generations, in order to protect the components of natural factors, like body of water, air and acres. Technologies and outturn approaches that foregather ecological environmental development requirements is being exampled for sustainable cultivation. Sustainable agricultural requires the prevention of ecological crises, like major accidents, with strong contr overt clashing on the environment. blood line http//www.saiplatform.o rg/sustainable- kitchen-gardening/definitionIn the diagram, we arouse satisfy that economy, environment and society play a major role to action sustainable kitchen-gardening.environmental problems happen on big geographic beas, beginning with the local anesthetic level, on-going with the regional and ending on a globose level. The ball-shaped level prevents environmental issues from getting resolved and needs early(a) international approaches.Globalization is an objective developing cover of contemporary world that has a great potential for making the world better. The key causes of globalization ar represented by two processes which argon technological and political. The technological process consists in a strong and rapid development of communications and transport. The core of communication allow people to connect and interact on macro geographical argonas. The vehicles let people to move and interact in a short time over long distances.Political processes baffle do national borders easier to pass or disappear by creating international organizations. Environmental issues ar related to contemporary complaisant economic development. The main socio-economic issues to be addressed are combating poverty, changing consumption and labor body twists, demographic dynamics, environmental and human health protection.The survival of the society as a upstanding is influenced by individual behaviour and the behaviour of various communities.CHAPTER 2Roles of Sustainable AgricultureEconomy RolesA farm must be economically viable in order to be truly sustainable. The environmental and come up-disposed advantages of sustainable production methods do not always interpret into warm economic improvements. Hence, sustainable agriculture practices provoke have a prescribed economic impression on a farm. For example, diversifying the farm with several harvest homes and markets helps to cast down financial risk. Over time, improved blur and water gau ge, as salutary as other environmental benefits from sustainable practices, may raise the apprize of the farm. Selling products directly to local markets in the company reduces shipping and discharge costs and bay window potentially decrease transportation costs. While sustainably self-aggrandizing produce may not bring the full price premiums sometimes paid for certified organic products, growers selling directly to individuals and specialty markets plunder still capture added value. Production costs can be variously affected by sustainable methods. Fertilizer and pesticide costs are close toly reduced on a sustainably managed farm because, for example, legumes and reaping rotations tend to be less expensive than their synthetic alternatives. Labour costs are much higher than receivedismal systems. The higher labour costs are most often attri anded to the join ond time required for monitoring and managing pests on sustainable farms. Planting material costs can be lo wer for growers thriftiness their own seed or producing their own stock. However, those using organic position material often pay to a great extent for seed or other planting material.Machinery costs (purchase, fuel, and repairs) give vary depending on the specific eccentric of sustainable production system. Conservation terra firma systems and reduced pesticide applications can skid costs related to machinery use and fuel costs. On the other hand, authoritative systems, such(prenominal) as ridge tillage, can require specialized equipment. go off and machinery costs can increase as a will of travel bulky materials, such as organic matter, for speck improvement purposes. The result is that some farms that utilize sustainable agriculture practices may be more profitable than their established farming counter breachs, although the overturn can also be true. In addition to crop production methods, many other factors can affect the bottom line, including management, mercha ndising skills, and experience.Social ResponsibilitySocial sustainability relates to the quality of life for those who work and live on the farm, as well(p) as those in the local community. Fair treatment of workers, positive farm family relationships, face-to-face interactions with consumers, and choosing to purchase supplies locally (rather than from a more distant market) are near some of the aspects considered in social sustainability. Community supported agriculture (CSA), farmers markets, U-pick, cooperatives, and on-farm events are just some of the ways a sustainable farm can have a positive impact on the local community. In essence, the farm supports the community and the community supports the farm.According to ATTRA (2003), there are hardly a(prenominal) actions need to be done in order to achieve the social sustainability which resulting the sustainable agriculture. First, the farm should support other businesses and families in community. The money should just circu late within local economy. Young people should take over their parents farms and continue farming.Research for Sustainable Agriculture FutureSustainable agriculture represents for farmers and rural communities, federal investments in research, education, and extension geared for sustainable agricultural systems have been woefully inadequate. issue Sustainable Agriculture Coalition(NSAC) recognizes that without sufficient visions for relevant research, education, and extension, farmers and ranchers will be unable to access new and emerging innovations, randomness and markets that will help them expand their businesses, conserve natural resources, and address food and nutrition needs in their communities. Throughout 2013, NSAC worked to increase federal resources and sustenance for sustainable agriculture research, education, and extension in recognition of the searing sizeableness that research plays in ensuring success and innovation across all sectors of agriculture (NSAC, 2 013).In 2013, NSAC continued its efforts to secure increased funding and support for critical agriculture research programs, like the Sustainable Agriculture Research and facts of life Program (SARE). SARE, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)s flagship program for sustainable agriculture, recently celebrated its 25th anniversary, thanks in large part to NSACs continued advocacy over the grades. NSAC also fought to restore and increase funding for critical research programs that are currently stranded cod to the farm bill expiration last fall, including those programs that support research on organic production, specialty crops, and beginning farmer and ranchers, such as the natural Agriculture Research and Extension Program and the Beginning stirers and Ranchers Development Program.The constitutional Production and Marketing Data Initiatives program (ODI) is a valuable resource that provides policymakers, organic farmers, and organic businesses the data they need to make sound policy, business, and marketing decisions. This year, NSAC continued to advocate for this important annual funding stream, especially as USDA gears up to loss its next comprehensive Census of Agriculture in 2014 and follow up survey of organic producers. NSAC also successfully secured a coveted spot on USDAs National Agriculture Statistics Service (NASS) Advisory Committee, which sets priorities and provides recommendations for future federal data disposition efforts with the Department of Agriculture. By having a seat at the table, NSAC will more effectively be able to highlight the critical splendor of collecting reliable data for sustainable producers including organic farmers and those growing for local and regional markets.CHAPTER 3Importance of Sustainable AgricultureThere is a lot of importance of sustainable agriculture. The main significance is to make genuine that the agriculture on supplying goods, food, water, air and soil satisfy the need of present and future.Fut ure PredictionsSource Crop Breeding for Low remark Agriculture A sustainable Response to feed a maturement Population GrowthFigure above show the world commonwealth is increasing and the availability of resources statistic and prediction. It summarize that the number of resources going to decrease as the population increase. In order to stabilize the output of crops and goods, the sustainable agriculture has to be done.Environmental FactorsEnvironmental concerns are vital to sustainable agriculture. Sustainable agriculture is frequently described as ecologically sound practices that have little to no adverse effect on natural ecosystems. However, more than that, sustainable agriculture also seeks to have a positive impact on natural resources and wildlife. This can often mean taking measures to reverse the damage. For example, soil erosion or draining of wetlands that have already occurred by harmful agricultural practices. Renewable natural resources are protected, recycled, an d even replaced in sustainable systems. Also inherent to sustainable agriculture environmental concerns is the stewardship of non-renewable resources, such as fossil fuels.A key to successful sustainable production is healthy soil, with a central tenet that management practices feed the soil and the soil feeds the crop. Ecologically, this means that soil fertility is provided by adequate soil organic matter and biologically based inputs that feed soil organisms, which release nutrients to plants. Sustainable methods of enhancing soil fertility and improving soil health implicate using nitrogen-fixing legumes, green manure, and animal manure minimizing or eliminating tillage and maintaining year round soil cover. However, depending on the condition of the soil, establishing healthy soils may take several years. This approach does not preclude the use of synthetic fertiliser that can be used to supplement natural inputs. However, fertilizer decisions are based upon soil test results and are applied on as needed basis. Synthetic chemicals known to harm soil organisms and soil structure must be avoided in sustainable agriculture.Source Sustainable Agriculture (John, Robert, James, 1990)Combination of crops, or of crops and livestock, make farms more sustainable by maintaining soil productivity and by reducing a farms reliance on a individual crop. On the farm shown above, the parallel strips of land have been set on the contour of the terrain with oats (yellow) or corn or alfalfa (both green). inside each strip, crops rotate on a four-year cycle corn (a annual crop) is replaced by oats (another one-year crop), which is then replaced by alfalfa (a two-year crop). such(prenominal) rotations improve the control of weeds, insects and diseases they also improve the efficiency of nutrient cycling. build strip-cropping greatly reduces soil erosion.Other sustainable concepts let in maximizing regeneration through planned crop rotations, intercropping, and companion planting protecting water quality composting year round soil cover integrating crop and animal production soil conservation practices and attracting beneficial wildlife (Mark,Krista, two-dimensional, 2012). A few traditional agricultural practices, such as moldboard plowing, are in conflict with sustainability since they can result in damage to soil structure. Rather, tillage practices should be appropriately timed, using implements that minimize damage to soil structure to the greatest extent possible.Insects, diseases, and weeds are managed, rather than controlled, in sustainable systems. The goal is not necessarily the complete elimination of a pest, but rather to manage pests and diseases to keep crop damage within welcome economic levels. Sustainable pest management practices emphasize prevention through good production and cultural methods. Some strategies include using crop rotations that will disrupt the pest life cycle, improving soil quality, practicing good sanitation, u sing optimum planting densities, timing planting and transplanting trading operations to avoid high pest populations, employing biological control, and growing resistant varieties. monitor pests through frequent crop inspections and accurate identification are congenital to keeping ahead of potential problems. Integrated Pest Management techniques can be incorporated into a sustainable program. These may include scouting, targeting pesticide applications, and the use of biological pest controls. Pesticides are seen as a last refuge when using IPM methods, and are chosen for their low toxicity, specificity to the pest, and lack of persistence in the soil.Achieving a healthy, balanced ecosystem takes time. Making the transition to sustainable farming is a process that generally requires moving forward step-by-step. While there are common goals that are critical to sustainable agriculture, there is no single approach that will guarantee sustainable success on every farm. The methods for accomplishing those goals must be tailored to the individual farm.Scarcity of LandLand is one of the resources that going to deplete across with the world population. There are some 5 trillion hectares of land presently available for the global food supply 1.5 billion hectares of tilth and permanent crops as well as 3.5 billion hectares of grassland, grazing land and extensively used steppe (Warner, 2008). Of this land, 1.9 billion hectares have already been degraded to a greater or lesser extent due to intensive and improper use (IAASTD, 2008).According to figures from the UN convention on desertification, 80 per cent of the agricultural land has been damaged by erosion to a moderate to considerable degree (David, 1995). Ten billion hectares are lost to erosion every year. That is ten times the essence of arable land in Switzerland.And even in the developing world, expanding settlements are increasingly devouring farmland. All told, the rate of annual loss of farmland is 1. 3 per cent (David, 2005).The need to stop the loss of farmland is urgent. This includes regenerating blue soils so they can be uses in the future with sustainable production methods. Compost has a key role to play here.Profit FactorsSource Sustainable Agriculture (John, Robert, James, 1990)Profits from sustainable farms can exceed those of conventional farms, according to Steven L. Kraten, formerly of Washington State University. The cash incomes per acre for the two types of farms were alike(p) over two years, but because the input costs of sustainable agriculture are lower, its net returns are 22.4 percent higher. Variable costs include those for fuel, machinery maintenance, seed, fertilizer, pesticide and labor. Among the fixed costs are property taxes and interest on loans. The sustainable agriculture has proved since 90s that it will give more profit compared to conventional sustainable.Rural EconomiesAmong the unseen costs of industrial food production are its effects on sma ll family farms and rural communities, which include the loss of nearly four million farms in the United States since the 1930s (Gorelick, 2012).Sustainable farms furnish local economies by providing jobs for members of the community and purchasing supplies from local businesses. A schooling by University of manganese showed that small farms with gross incomes of $100,000 or less do almost 95 percent of farm-related expenditures within their local communities (Chism, 1994). Research has shown that small-locally possess farms have a multiplier effect for every cent the farm spends, a percentage remains in the local economy, contributing to the communitys economic health (Swenson, 2009).Factory farms hire as few workers as possible and often purchase supplies, equipment and animal feed from the said(prenominal) agricultural conglomerates that purchase their products (Weida, 2004). The University of Minnesota found that large farms with gross incomes greater than $900,000 made les s than 20 percent of farm related expenditures locally(Chism,1994) industrial farms often have absentee owners whose profits are sent out of town.CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, the sustainable agriculture helps society, environment as well as economic in positive way.CHAPTER 5 REFERENCESATTRA. 2003 Applying the Principles of Sustainable domain http//www.clemson.edu/sustainableag/IP107_Applying_Sust_Farming.pdfNSAC. 2013, Annual Report 2013John P. Reganold, Robert I. Papendick and James F. Parr. 1990 Sustainable Agriculture, 9-10.Mark Keating, Krista Jacobse, Matt Barton. 2012 University Kentucky Sustainable AgricultureWerner Harder, BLW, BAFU magazine Umwelt 2/2008International Assessment of inelegant Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development IAASTD, Global Summary for Decision Makers, 2008, www.agassessment.org.David Pimentel et al., Environmental and Economic Costs of Soil Erosion and Conservation Benefits, Science, vol. 267, 24/2/1995World Population, Agriculture, a nd Malnutrition David Pimentel and Anne Wilson Published on 1 Jan 2005 by WorldWatch / Constructive creative thinkingGorelick, S., Norberg-Hodge, H. (2002). Bringing the food economy home.International Society for Ecology Culture. Retrieved August 28, 2012.Chism, J. W., Levins, R. A. (1994). Farm spending and local selling How do they match up?Minnesota Agricultural Economist, 676.Swenson, D. (2009). Economic impact of a diversified small farming operation in Woodbury county. Department of Economics, Iowa State University.Weida, W. J. (2004). Considering the rationales for factory farming. Environmental wellness Impacts of CAFOs Anticipating Hazards Searching for Solutions. Retrieved August 23, 2012